[关键词]
[摘要]
近视严重威胁着儿童的视力健康，高度近视可以导致多种并发症，甚至视力完全丧失。近年来随着近视发病率的持续增加，人们对近视认知水平的持续提升，儿童近视问题受到了广泛关注。目前近视发生和发展的具体机制尚不清楚，人们普遍认为巩膜是近视发生的效应器。随着近视不断发展，眼轴逐渐拉长，眼球的结构和功能随之发生改变，其中，眼轴过度延长导致巩膜重塑，后极部巩膜加速变薄，巩膜的组织结构和生物力学特性发生了重要改变，而相关基因表达的调控则是视觉信号引起巩膜重塑的关键。大量研究者借助于近视动物模型和基因测序技术发现，巩膜细胞外基质重塑与近视的发生和发展密切相关。文章就目前巩膜在近视发生发展中组织结构及相关基因的变化进行综述，为深入探究近视的巩膜重塑机制和寻找新的近视治疗靶点提供思路。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Myopia is a serious threat to children's visual health, and high myopia can not only cause vision loss, but also lead to severe complications and even blindness. In recent years, with the rising incidence of myopia and the increasing awareness of myopia, the problem of myopia has been widely concerned. At present, the specific mechanism of the incidence and progression of myopia remains ambiguous, and it is generally believed that the sclera is the effector of myopia. With the development of myopia and axial growth, the structure and function of the eyeball change accordingly. The high rates of axial length growth leads to scleral remodeling and accelerated thinning of the posterior pole sclera. Myopia changes the normal tissue structure and biomechanical properties of the sclera, and the regulation of related gene expression is the key to these changes. With the help of myopia animal models and gene sequencing technology, a large number of researchers have found that scleral extracellular matrix remodeling is closely related to the occurrence and development of myopia. This paper discusses the changes of sclera structure and related genes in the development of myopia. It provides ideas for exploring the mechanism of scleral remodeling in myopia and finding new target of treatment.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(No.202207020854)
