目的：确定可能在先天性鼻泪管阻塞(CNLDO)发展中发挥重要作用的各种危险因素。

方法：观察性病例对照研究。纳入2022-06/2024-06于伊朗阿瓦士Imam Khomeini医院眼科诊断为CNLDO的2岁以下接受泪道探通加冲洗的患儿122例，以及122名年龄相匹配的无CNLDO的对照组儿童，收集所有儿童的医疗记录。

结果：研究发现CNLDO的发生与多种母体因素存在显著相关性，如子痫前期、使用左旋甲状腺素、甲状腺功能减退、怀孕3次以上(妊娠>3)、自然妊娠和妊娠期糖尿病。此外，在儿童中，氧疗、贫血、反流、黄疸和一级亲属的CNLDO家族史等因素与CNLDO相关，母体子痫前期和甲状腺功能减退显著增加儿童患CNLDO的风险。

结论：鉴于CNLDO会影响早产儿和足月儿，这些发现可能有助于早期识别有鼻泪管阻塞风险的儿童和婴儿，从而预防慢性泪囊炎的发生。

METHODS: This observational case-control study included a case group of 122 children less than two years of age with CNLDO who underwent probing and irrigation treatment at the ophthalmology department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, from June 2022 to June 2024. A control group of 122 age-matched children without CNLDO was also included for comparison. Data was collected from the children's medical records.

RESULTS:The study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of CNLDO and several maternal factors, such as preeclampsia, the use of levothyroxine, hypothyroidism, having more than three pregnancies(gravidity >3), natural pregnancy, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, in children, factors, such as oxygen therapy, anemia, reflux, jaundice, and a family history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives were associated with CNLDO, and maternal preeclampsia and hypothyroidism were found to significantly increase the risk of developing CNLDO in children.

CONCLUSION: Given that CNLDO affects both premature and full-term children, the present findings may potentially facilitate the early identification of children and infants at risk of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, thereby preventing the onset of chronic dacryocystitis.