[关键词]
[摘要]
Müller细胞(MCs)是人类视网膜中最常见的神经胶质细胞。其为神经元提供稳态、代谢和功能支持。在调节细胞外空间体积、离子和水稳态以及维持血-视网膜屏障方面发挥关键作用。它们释放胶质递质和其他神经活性分子，并通过神经递质再循环影响突触活动。所有这些功能都直接或间接地改变神经元的活动。Müller细胞支持光感受器和神经元的存活，负责视网膜的结构稳定，并且是免疫和炎症反应的调节剂。其在几乎所有致病刺激下都会被激活。反应性Müller细胞具有神经保护作用，但病理状态下Müller细胞的过度激活会退出神经元保护并导致神经元变性。因此在视网膜静脉阻塞合并黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)发病过程中，Müller细胞可能起到“双刃剑”的作用，因此，正确认识 Müller细胞对病理刺激的反应及其对视网膜及黄斑产生的保护和损害作用，对于研究视网膜静脉阻塞合并黄斑水肿的发病机制及指导疾病治疗具有重要意义。文章围绕 Müller细胞在视网膜静脉阻塞合并黄斑水肿中的作用展开综述，旨在为视网膜静脉阻塞合并黄斑水肿治疗提供新的策略。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Müller cells(MCs)are the most common glial cells in the human retina. They provide homeostatic, metabolic, and functional support to neurons. MCs play a critical role in regulating extracellular space volume, ion and water homeostasis, and maintaining the blood-retinal barrier. They release gliotransmitters and other neuroactive molecules, influencing synaptic activity through neurotransmitter recycling. All these functions directly or indirectly alter neuronal activity. MCs support the survival of photoreceptors and neurons, are responsible for the structural stability of the retina, and act as regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. They are activated in response to almost all pathogenic stimuli. Reactive MCs have neuroprotective effects, but excessive activation of MCs under pathological conditions can withdraw neuronal protection and lead to neuronal degeneration. Thus, MCs may play a double-edged sword role in the pathogenesis of macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME). Understanding the response of MCs to pathological stimuli and their protective and damaging effects on the retina and macula is crucial for studying the pathogenesis and guiding the treatment of RVO-ME. This article reviews the role of MCs in RVO-ME, aiming to provide new strategies for the treatment of RVO-ME.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82000926); 甘肃省卫生健康委员基金资助项目(No.GSWSKY2022-05); 甘肃省科技计划项目(No.24JRRA003); 联勤保障部队第九四○医院院基金(No.2021yxky033); 军队课题(No.24BJZ41,2024-G2-4)
