[关键词]
[摘要]
病理性近视是世界范围内导致视力损伤的主要原因之一，其特征性临床表现包括眼轴病理性延长所致的后巩膜葡萄肿、近视性黄斑病变及高度近视性视神经病变等。国内外大量研究显示，病理性近视发生发展的主要因素之一是遗传。随着基因学的创新发展，基于基因水平预测、防控及治疗病理性近视成为可能。文章对病理性近视的特征性临床表现及其相关基因进行综述，以期为病理性近视的病因和治疗干预的潜在靶点提供依据，为从基因水平治疗病理性近视及其并发症提供参考，探究控制病理性近视发展新的有效途径。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Pathologic myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its characteristic clinical manifestations include posterior staphyloma caused by pathological elongation of the axial length, myopic maculopathy and high myopia-associated optic neuropathy. Extensive research conducted both domestically and internationally has consistently demonstrated that genetics plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of pathologic myopia. With the innovative development of genetics, it has become possible to predict, prevent, control, and treat pathologic myopia at the gene level. This paper reviews the characteristic clinical manifestations of pathologic myopia and its related genes to provide a basis for the etiology of pathologic myopia and potential targets for therapeutic intervention, to provide a reference for treating pathologic myopia and its complications at the genetic level, and to explore new and effective ways to control the development of pathologic myopia.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
山东省中医药科技重点项目(No.Z-2023068)
