目的：基于液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)及网络药理学探讨益景汤治疗早期糖尿病视网膜病变的主要活性成分和潜在机制。

方法：采用LC-MS技术对益景汤的活性成分进行定性。根据ADME属性明确益景汤中的主要活性成分，结合网络药理学的方法，得到益景汤潜在治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的靶点，进一步通过疾病蛋白靶点之间蛋白质相互作用(PPI)、基因本体论(GO)富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路分析，预测益景汤治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的核心靶点与网络。最后，对核心靶标及通路进行Western blot实验验证。

结果：益景汤中的主要活性成分与疾病靶点互作的核心靶点有TNF、Alb、EGFR、STAT3、PTGS2、ESR1、PPAR、MMP9、TLR4、MAPK等； 益景汤治疗糖尿病视网膜病变主要与癌症信号通路、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、神经退行性变的途径等相关，并集中于炎症反映的调节、程序性细胞死亡的正调控、细胞迁移的正向调节等生物过程。Western blot实验结果显示益景汤可抑制体外高糖环境下大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞P-STAT3/STAT3、P-ERK/ERK的表达水平，即抑制STAT3、ERK磷酸化。

结论：本研究揭示了益景汤的药效学物质基础及其潜在的多组分、多靶点、多途径的药理作用，益景汤可能通过调节多信号通路，抑制眼底炎症反应，从而保护视网膜血管内皮细胞、维护血-视网膜屏障、促进视网膜神经血管损伤的修复，进而发挥治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的作用。

METHODS: Active components of YJD were characterized through LC-MS. Components with optimal ADME(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)properties were selected as key bioactive candidates. Network pharmacology approaches were employed to predict YJD-DR therapeutic targets. Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks, gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were subsequently conducted to predict core targets and networks. Critical targets and pathways were experimentally validated through Western blot.

RESULTS: Ten core therapeutic targets were identified, including TNF, Alb, EGFR, STAT3, PTGS2, ESR1, PPAR, MMP9, TLR4, and MAPK. YJD was related to cancer-related signaling, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, encompassing key biological processes such as inflammatory response regulation, programmed cell death activation, and enhanced cell migration. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed that YJD significantly inhibited high glucose-induced phosphorylation of STAT3(P-STAT3/STAT3)and ERK(P-ERK/ERK)in rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells.

CONCLUSION: This study revealed YJD's pharmacodynamical basis and its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-paths pharmacology. YJD exerts therapeutic effects on DR by coordinately regulating critical signaling pathways and alleviating intraocular inflammation, thus preserving retinal vascular endothelial cells, maintaining blood-retinal barrier integrity, and facilitating retinal neurovascular repair.