[关键词]
[摘要]
眼底血管作为缺氧损伤的靶点之一，是监测疾病进展的重要窗口。诸多研究表明，部分眼底血管损伤与睡眠呼吸障碍相关。文章总结了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)可以通过引起视网膜中央动脉血流动力学改变、视网膜静脉阻塞、视网膜微血管异常及脉络膜厚度改变造成眼底病变。机制方面，主要与OSA特征性间歇低氧所致血流动力学异常、氧化应激和炎症反应、血液成分改变、内皮功能障碍、神经内分泌及代谢紊乱有关。文章系统梳理了OSA与眼底血管损伤的研究成果和内在机制，旨在寻找敏感且特异的眼底血管生物标志物，以期实现OSA及其并发症的早期检测。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
The ocular fundus vasculature, serving as a critical window for monitoring disease progression, represents one of the primary targets of hypoxic injury. A growing body of evidence suggests associations between specific ocular vascular pathologies and sleep-disordered breathing. Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)has been implicated in fundus lesions through its detrimental effects on the central retinal artery, retinal veins, retinal microvasculature, and choroidal vessels. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to OSA-induced intermittent hypoxia, which drives hemodynamic disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, altered blood composition, endothelial dysfunction, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysregulation. This review synthesizes current evidence on OSA-related retinal vascular injury and elucidates its mechanistic pathways. The goal is to identify sensitive and specific retinal vascular biomarkers to facilitate the early detection of OSA and its associated complications.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82070093); 江苏省人民医院科学研究项目支撑计划(No.RG202414)
