[关键词]
[摘要]
年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是一类与年龄密切相关的视网膜退行性病变，严重影响患者的中心视力。在生理状态下，视网膜内的小胶质细胞在维持组织稳态、免疫监控以及组织修复发挥重要作用。在病理条件下，小胶质细胞会异常激活并迁移到AMD病变部位，加剧视网膜色素上皮细胞和光感受器细胞的损伤，推动AMD发展。文章将讨论小胶质细胞在生理和病理条件下的起源、分布及功能状态变化，分析其在视网膜发育和AMD病变的功能演化，并总结近年来靶向小胶质细胞治疗AMD的相关进展，为开发新型治疗策略提供理论依据。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a prevalent retinal degenerative disease closely linked to age and stands as a leading cause of central vision loss among the elderly. Under physiological condition, microglia in the retina plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and tissue repair. However, in pathological state, microglia can be abnormally activated and migrate to AMD lesion sites, which results in exacerbating damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells, thus promoting the progression of AMD. This review focuses on the origins, distribution, and functional changes of microglia under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent advances in microglia-targeted therapies for AMD are also summarized, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel treatment strategies.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
2024年度深圳大学教学改革研究项目(No.JG2024153)
