AIM:To evaluate the effect of posterior scleral implantation surgery to treat pathologic myopia with the fibers of artificial pericardium.·METHODS:Fifty-six patients (102 eyes)with pathologic myopia were treated with posterior scleral implantation surgery with the fibers of artificial pericardium and were followed up for 1 year after the operation.·RESULTS:The preoperative mean axial length was 28.83±3.12mm.The postoperative axial length was 28.71±3.14mm at 1 day,28.76±3.22mm at 1 month,28.84±3.17mm at 6 months,and 28.88±3.31mm at 1 year.There were no statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative axial length (P>0.05).The preoperative mean refraction(spherical equivalent,SE)was-17.42±6.71 diopters (D).The postoperative SE was-17.31±6.51D at 1 day,-17.43±6.42D at 1 month,-17.35±6.62D at 6months,and-17.34±6.72D at 1 year.There were no statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative diopters (P>0.05).Differences between best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and after surgery were not statistically significant.The postoperative BCVA were improved in 97 eye (95.1%),stable in 4 eyes(3.9%),and only 1 eye’s visual acuity(1.0%) was impaired.6 eyes’ intraocular pressure was heightened,and then quickly controlled with medicine.No other serious complications were observed.·CONCLUSION:This study indicates that posterior scleral implantation surgery with the fibers of artificial pericardium as the strengthened materials can effectively control eye’s axial length of pathologic myopia,stabilize the progression of diopters and improve eyesight.Meantime,there are not serious complications.