·Axonal and neuronal degeneration seem to be concomitant features of multiple sclerosis(MS)and are probably the pathological processes responsible for permanent disability in this disease.The retina is unique within the central nervous system(CNS)in that it contains axons and glia but no myelin,and it is,therefore,an ideal structure within which to visualize the processes of neurodegeneration,neuroprotection,and potentially even neurorestoration.In particular,the retina enables us to investigate a specific compartment of the CNS which is targeted by the disease process.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)as a kind of optical diagnosis technique has been used for clinical ophthalmology since the middle of 1990s.OCT can provide high-resolution reconstructions of retinal anatomy in a rapid and reproducible fashion and,we believe,is ideal for precisely modeling the disease process in MS.In this review,we presents the current applications and research progression of the retinal nerve fibre layer in MS using OCT.·