Glaucoma is an important cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness, especially in the middle-aged and aged population, national epidemiological survey revealed the incidence of glaucoma in China. In this paper, based on the results of these surveys, the types of primary glaucoma, prevalence, blindness rate, the damage of visual function, rate of fail to diagnosis, treatment, high-risk groups, risk factors and screening methods were summarized.