AIM:To investigate the change of the IL-1β and TNF-α expression by tetrandrine (Tet) combined 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) polylactic acid microspheres on the rabbit proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).METHODS:Ocular trauma PVR rabbit model was constructed.These rabbits were divided randomly into three groups:A group was injected Tet and 5-FU BSS polylactic acid microspheres (0.2mL)into posterior vitreous;B group was injected 5-FU BSS polylactic acid microspheres 0.2mL into posterior vitreous,C group was injected drug-free polylactic acid 25mg microspheres BSS 0.2mL into posterior vitreous.After injection,fundus observation was performed every day up to 28 days,and B ultrasonic inspection was used.At postoperative day 7,14 and 28,vitreous humor (0.2mL)was extracted from posterior vitreous,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of TNF-α and IL-2 was used.RESULTS:Compared Tet combined 5-FU polylactic acid microspheres group with 5-FU group of polylactic acid microspheres or microspheres group,TNF-α and IL-2 content in vitreous humor in Tet combined 5-FU polylactic acid microspheres group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.01).There were significantly statistical differences.CONCLUSION:Tet can reduce inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-1β expression,which indicates that Tet may play an anti-inflammatory role in the PVR.Tet has many advantages such as inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors,decreasing inflammatory cytokines activation and chemotaxis on the inflammatory cells.All this results in the decrease of the recurrence rate of PVR.