AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of cultured human umbilicus vascular endothelium replacing the function of cat’s native endothelium. METHODS:The third passaged cultured human umbilicus vascular endothelium were planted on the processed human amniotic membrane.After they confluented to a monolayer,the endothelium and human amniotic membrane were transplanted to the cat’s cornea to replace its native endothelium and Descement’s membrane(group A).Meanwhile,transplanting amniotic membrane solely(group B) and depriving of its native endothelium and Descement’s membrane but nothing was transplanted(group C) as control groups. After operation,the operated eyes were observed by slitlamp every day and taken photos also.At different time point,the operated corneas were examinated by light microscopy. RESULTS:In 12 cases of the group A,11 cases kept clear about one week post operation.But after two weeks,4 grafts showed the signs of rejection,thus resulting to the failure of the grafts.Among these failure grafts,3 cases spontaneously cleared after 4 weeks.Six cases kept clear all the time point post operation.The light and electric microscope showed that the transplanted human umbilicus vascular endothelium can carry out the barrier and pump function as well as the native corneal endothelium.4 cases of the group B showed no sign of rejection.In 4 cases of the group C,their cornea became edema step by step. CONCLUSION:The transplanted human umbilicus vascular endothelium can adapt to the anterior chamber environment and show pump and barrier function.The amniotic membrane can attached to the stoma tightly and show no signs of immunoreactions.