AIM:To explore the clinical effect of cool phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy for cataract and the oculi posterior segment lesions. METHODS:Totally 98 patients 108 eyes with cataract and oculi posterior segment lesions underwent the cool phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy.The visual acuity,the rate of intraocular lens implantation and surgical complications were observed. RESULTS:On postoperative week 1 and months 3,the visual acuity of most of the patients were improved in varying degrees;there were some complications including secondary glaucoma,after-cataract,uveitis,secondary vitreous hemorrhage,secondary retinal detachment and so on. CONCLUSION:It is an effective therapeutic tool to treat cataract and the oculi posterior segment lesions by cool phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy,which is worth promoting;And can replace sonicate technology for lens extraction.