AIM:To investigate clinical outcomes of the deep sclerectomy(DS) and human umbilical vein(HUV) transplantation for primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:Thirty-nine patients 39 eyes with POAG were involved in this prospective and random trial.DS with HUV transplantation group was performed in 19 patients and DS with reticulated hyaluronic acid implant(SKGEL) transplantation group in 20 patients.The postoperative indexes included postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP),the number of antiglaucoma medications,and postoperative complications.All patients were followed up for 12 months.RESULTS:The postoperative complete success rate was 79% in HUV group and 80% in SKGEL group at 12 months.IOP decreased from 39.9±9.3mmHg and 38.4±7.7mmHg preoperatively in HUV and SKGEL groups to 17.5±0.4mmHg and 17.7±0.6mmHg at 12 months respectively(P=0.55).Early postoperative hypotony occurred in 3 HUV and 3 SKGEL patients.Encapsulated bleb was observed 2 in HUV group and 3 in SKGEL group.CONCLUSION:DS with HUV transplantation and DS with SKGEL transplantation are similarly effective in lowering IOP and reducing the need for antiglaucoma medications over a 12-month follow-up period.