目的:调查中国西南部高海拔农村多民族聚居区人群屈光不正患病率,获得该地区整体人群屈光不正的流行病学资料。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法选取云南省贡山县常住居民做为调查对象。所有调查对象均接受全面的眼科检查及屈光状态检查。分析屈光不正整体情况及屈光不正发生与年龄、性别、文化程度等相关因素的关系。结果:入选对象3070例中实际接受调查人数为2422例(受检率78.9%)。对4843眼的屈光不正数据进行统计分析:正视眼2635眼(54.4%);近视1106眼(22.8%);远视1102眼(22.8%),其中散光4451眼(91.9%)。正视所占比率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0.05),近视患病率不随年龄增长而增长(P>0.05),远视眼患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。散光的发生中,顺规散光81·6%,随年龄增长顺规呈下降趋势,逆规散光15.1%,随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。女性远视眼患病率较男性人群高(P<0.05)。初中学历以上人群中重度近视发生率较初中以下学历人群为高(P<0.05)。结论:获得中国西南部高海拔偏远山区整体人群屈光不正统计数据,表明受教育程度越高近视发生率越高,年龄改变与散光轴向改变相关。

AIM:To assess the prevalence, distribution and demographic associations of refractive error in a rural minority population in southwestern China, and to obtain the epidemiological database of refractive error in children and adult of the studied population.METHODS: Three thousand seventy subjects of all ages, representative of the minority population, were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their demographic data, career and education. Visual acuity, objective and subjective refractive error and slit-lamp comprehensive eye examination were performed in all participants. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between -0.50D and +0.50D. Myopia was characterized as < -0.50D, hyperopia as >+0.50D, and astigmatism as >0.50D cylinder. All data on refractive error, age, gender, and education were analyzed.RESULTS: Data on refractive error were available for 2422 (78.9%) subjects 4843 eyes. The prevalence of emmetropia was 54.4%, myopia 22.8%, and hyperopia 22.8% in this studied population. The prevalences of hyperopia and against rule astigmatism increased with age. The mobidity of hyperopia was significantly higher in females than males, and moderate to severe myopia was significantly higher in subjects with junior high school education or above. CONCLUSION: In rural minority population of southwest of China, the prevalence of myopia seems to be somewhat lower than that of urban population. These population-based data on distribution and demographic associations of refractive error could enable planning of eye-care services to reduce visual impairment caused by refractive error in this studied population.

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