AIM:To evaluate the deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty(DLEK) for corneal endothelial wound in a rabbit model.METHODS:Totally 48 eyes(24 cases) with corneal endothelial wound model were studied,which were divided into 2 groups in postoperative 2nd day:the DLEK surgery was performed on experimental group(n=12) and the other cases(n=12) were as the control group.The postoperative examinations including the intraocular pressure(IOP),reaction of the anterior chamber and complications were performed on 1,2,3,7,14days;1 month after surgery respectively.A rabbit selected randomly in the two groups(n=6,respectively) was killed in 1 month after operation and extirpated the eyeball to observe the condition of myofibroblast and inflammatory cells and compare their difference.RESULTS:There were no significant difference of lOP and reaction of the anterior chamber among the two groups at 3d after operations(P>0.05);Comparing with control group,the complications didn’t increased.There was significant difference on myofibroblast(t=5.716,P<0.05)and inflammatory cells(t=6.991,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:DLEK have less complications,inflammatory reaction and reaction of the anterior chamber,also can maintain IOP and cornea transparence for corneal decompensation rabbit model.