AIM:To study the clinical effects of the improved compound trabeculectomy for glaucoma and its complications.METHODS:A total of 26 cases(35 eyes)with primary glaucoma were randomly divided into 2 groups,observation group(17 eyes) treated with improved compound trabeculectomy,control group(18 eyes)treated with simple trabeculectomy.The follow-up time was 6 to 12 months(average 9.8 months).RESULTS:Preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP) was 54.37±6.30 mmHg in observation group,and 45.71±6.59 mmHg in control group.7 days postoperative,IOP of observation group was 13.18±1.63mmHg,that of control group was 13.33±2.11mmHg.6-12 months postoperative,IOP of observation group was 14.24±1.63mmHg,that of control group was 19.33±2.14mmHg.In observation group,15 eyes(88 %) had anterior chamber formation at 1st day postoperatively,2 eyes(12%) had shallow anterior chamber(Ⅰ & Ⅱ degree each one).In control group,only 8 eyes(44%) had anterior chamber formation at 1st day after surgery,10 of 18 eyes(56%) had shallow anterior chamber,among those Ⅰ degree was 6 eyes,Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree each 2 eyes.6-12 months postoperatively,functional filtration bleb was 88%(15/17) in observation group and 56 %(10/18) in control group respectively.CONCLUSION:The improved compound trabeculectomy significantly increases the successful rate of operation,decreases intraoperative,postoperative complications,which is an ideal glaucoma therapy.