AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage.METHODS:Seventy-five eyes of seventy-two patients with vitreous hemorrhage due to varied etiology underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with cataract removal and/or IOL implantation,extraction of intraocular foreign bodies,membrane peeling,endodiathermy,endophotocoagulation,transscleral cryotherapy and long-acting tamponades according to particular situation respectively.RESULTS:Diagnosis included:traumatic vitreous hemorrhage(27 eyes),retinal branch/central vein obstruction(15 eyes),proliferative diabetic retinopathy(12 eyes),Eales’ disease(9 eyes),rhegmatogenous vitreous hemorrhage(9 eyes),age-related macular degeneration(3 eyes).Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 48 months(mean,18.6 months).The final visual acuity improved in 72 eyes(96%).Of the 75 eyes,65 eyes(87%) had a best postoperative visual acuity of 0.05 or better,54 eyes(72%) had visual acuity of 0.2 or better,23 eyes(30.66%) had visual acuity of 0.5 or better,only 3 eyes visual acuity didn’t improved(4%).There was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative vision(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Vitreous hemorrhage with serious ocular trauma,massive and unresolved vitreous hemorrhage,repeat vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment found with B-ultrasonic examination should timely undergo vitrectomy to improve and protect their visual acuity.