AIM:To determine the prevalence of trachoma in Ningxia and assess associated risk factors to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of trachoma·METHODS:Study setting was Jinfeng district(city) and Hongsipu town(rural area)in Ningxia.Three thousand residents were selected by cluster randomized sampling.Ocular examination and questionnaire survey were conducted.The diagnosis was performed according to the World Health Organization(WHO) protocol.The prevalence of trachoma was determined and the related the risk factor was analyzed·RESULTS:Prevalence of trachoma was 5.50%(165/3000),2.79%(36/1290) in City and 7.54%(129/1710) in rural area.The difference of the prevalence between city and rural area was significant(χ2=31.96,P<0.05).Trachoma was diagnosed in 5.58%(36/1417) of male cases and 5.43%(86/1583) of female cases.No significant difference was found between male and female(χ2=0.03,P=0.86)·CONCLUSION: The prevalence of rural area is higher than that in urban residents in Ningxia and it may be related to environmental factors,health care and economic condition.It is important to take some interventions to reduce the trachoma prevalence.