AIM:To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness of amblyopic and sound eyes in patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia·METHODS:Totally 38 patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and without strabismus were selected.The peripapillary RNFL thickness in amblyopic and sound eyes was detected by optical coherence tomography(OCT)·RESULTS:For 38 patients with amblyopia,the mean age was 10.73 years,the average RNFL thickenss in amblyopic eyes was 106.38±12.05μm.The RNFL was thickest in the inferior quadrant 133.67±19.44μm,followed by superior 123.31±13.95μm,nasal 89.96±17.71μm and temporal 70.06±10.18μm.The RNFL thickenss in amblyopic eyes was thicker than that in sound eyes,showing statistical difference in averge and nasal RNFL thickenss(P=0.016;P=0.01)·CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickness,specially nasal and average RNFL thickness in amblyopic eyes is thicker than that in sound eyes in unilateral anisometropic amblyopia.