Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress can cause pericytes apoptosis seen in diabetic retinopathy(DR). The six mammalian peroxiredoxins1-6 (PRDX1-6) are a new family of antioxidant proteins, which negatively regulate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by controlling the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).This paper reviewed the TAT-mediated PRDX5,6 protein transduction protects against high-glucose-induced cytotoxicity in retinal pericytes.