The cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is the most effective approach to treat the cataract at present. With the arrival of the era of refractive intraocular lens surgery, cataract surgery has been changed from the traditional visional rehabilitation surgery to the modern refractive surgery. It has become the target that surgical incision should be minimized as small as possible so to obtain the best postoperative visual function. Because microincision cataract phacoemulsification is well known as an important method for realizing that target, it is getting more and more concern. In this paper, with review of relative literatures, the development history of microincision cataract phacoemulsification is briefly discussed and the influences of microincision cataract phacoemulsification on corneal astigmatism, corneal endothelial cells counting and postoperative vision are emphatically described. It is forecasted that under the assistant of femtosecond laser, the microincision cataract phacoemulsification will be more widely applied in clinic.