To discuss the effective surgical measures of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) METHODS: The effectiveness of the surgical treatment of 38 cases (61 eyes) with DVD with large recession of superior rectus muscle or combined with anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle to the patients with inferior oblique muscle overaction was retrospectively analysed. The curative effect was observed. RESULTS:The treatment results of 46 eyes were qualified in appearance after surgery, satisfactory ratio was 75%， and 14 eyes showed improvement after treatment, improvement ratio was 23%, one eye ineffectively. CONCLUSION:It is an effective method for DVD to treat with large recession of superior rectus muscle and anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle. When DVD combines with inferior oblique muscle overaction, anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle is preferred as the initial procedure, if it does not, the large recession of superior rectus muscle should be the first choice.