AIM:To analyse the outcome and complication of vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole with retinal detachment. METHODS:Twenty-two cases (22 eyes) were observed from September 2009 to December 2011.All the cases underwent vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling. The best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were observed before and after operation.The data of first three days, a week and a month after operation were evaluated by statistical analysis. RESULTS:Thirteen cases underwent vitrectomy with C³F⁸ while the other 9 cases with silicon oil. The rate of anatomical closure was 100%.The best-corrected visual acuity was elevated gradually after operation. The intraocular pressure raised in first three days and went down after a week.The outcome was better in group with the course of the disease less than 6 months.There was no correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity of postoperative 1 month and patients age. CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling is effective for macular hole with retinal detachment.It can improve vision.