AIM: To observe efficacy of conjunctival flap covering combined with iris incarcerating surgery for the treatment of full-thickness fungal keratitis. METHODS:Totally 26 cases(26 eyes) with fungal keratitis which were conducted conjunctival flap covering combined with iris incarcerating surgery from March 2005 to April 2011 in Xingtai Ophthalmology Hospital were analysed. All the range of lesions <5×5mm², all fungal hyphae were positive in corneal scraping examination: hypopyon (+), lesions relatively dense. The depth of lesions could not be determined before surgery. During surgery, when the lesion was cutted close to descemet, based on clinical features, according to the lesions ≤ 1mm in diameter, artificially pierced the cornea residual disease near surrounding, and resulted in corneal perforation. After aspirated hypopyon and polished smooth endothelial plaque, the nearby iris was incarcerated among the corneal perforation, and fixated by suturing 1 or 2 needles, and conducted conjunctival flap covering surgery at last, tried to maintain water density. Anti-fungal treatment and closed observation should also maintain after surgery. RESULTS:Five of 26 cases self-ruptured during the lesion cutting, 3 cases accidentally cutted through,18 cases of corneal stromal bed were complete in cutting process, recovery time of conjunctival epithelial was 13.44±2.21days. 24 cases of infection were controlled, the success rate was 92%. Due to uncontrolled infection, two cases were performed keratoplasty, and finally the infection was under control. CONCLUSION:Conjunctival flap covering combined with iris incarcerating surgery is effective for the treatment of small-scale and full-thickness fungal keratitis, which could control infection, and create conditions for future improving vision surgery, and suitable for carrying out in the primary hospital.