AIM:To explore the clinical efficacy of modified trabeculectomy combined with amniotic membrane implantation on refractory glaucoma treatment.  METHODS: A total of 40 cases (48 eyes) were treated with modified trabeculectomy combined with amniotic membrane implantation and routine trabeculectomy respectively. Comparison of two groups was carried out on the aspects of intraocular pressure (IOP), filtering bleb, visual acuity and complication of operation.  RESULTS:One year after the surgery, no shallow anterior chamber occurred, with normal IOP, functional filtering bleb, improved visual acuity and less complications were in combined treatment group, showing significantly increased benefit when compared to those in routine trabeculectomy.  CONCLUSION:Combined modified trabeculectomy and amniotic membrane implantation is an easy, safe and effective method for treatment of refractory glaucoma, which is suitable for universal promotion."