AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment( RRD). METHODS:Totally 26 consecutive cases(26 eyes) were recruited between March 2010 and June 2011. All surgeries were performed with the 23-gauge technique. Main outcome measures included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, operative complications．Postoperative mean follow-up were 3 months． RESULTS:Anatomical success was achieved in 81% of 21 cases with single surgery and rose to 96% of 25 cases with additional surgery. Mean visual acuity improved in 21 cases （80%），unchanged in 3 cases（12%），declined in 2 cases（8%）. The differences of intraocular pressure at postoperative 1 day was significant（P<0.01）.Two cases with ocular hypotony (intraocular pressure ≤6mmHg), sustained for 2 weeks and did not occur choroidal detachment. CONCLUSION:Acceptable anatomical and functional success rates can be achieved with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy for RRD. The main advantages of this technique are lost in RRD surgery and had to faced higher failure rate.