AIM:To investigate the causes, clinical manifestations and postoperative treatment of high intraocular pressure(IOP) after vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade. METHODS: Clinical data of 97 cases (97 eyes) after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade were retrospectively analyzed.The standard of high IOP is that postoperative IOP is equal to or higher than 21mmHg (1mmHg =0.133kPa ). RESULTS:Twenty-seven cases(27.84%) showed high IOP, most of them occurred at early postoperative.(within postoperative 1 week) The IOP of all the patients was controlled in normal range (10 ~ 21mmHg )after drug treatment to lower IOP and adjust the dosage of hormone or discontinuation of hormone treatment.  CONCLUSION:Early high IOP after silicone oil tamponade is one of the common complications. Postoperative intraocular tissue edema, inflammation, and overfilled silicone oil may be the main reasons for postoperative early high IOP. But early symptomatic treatment could make the IOP return to normal and prevent visual impairment.