AIM:To evaluate the surgery treatment efficacy of vitrectomy combined retinal photocoagulation on vitreous hemorrhage associated with retinal arterial aneurysm. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of vitrectomy combined retinal photocoagulation for patients with vitreous hemorrhage associated with retinal arterial aneurysms,11 cases (11 eyes, 4 males, 7 females), from January 2009 to February 2011 in our hospital. The effect, visual acuity and complications were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: Followed up 6 to 24 months after surgery, all patients had no vitreous hemorrhage again, retinal blood vessels were occlusion around the arterial aneurysms, and then the arterial aneurysms shrinked and scared. The postoperative visual acuity improved from 0.05 to 0.4, all cases increase in varying degrees. The postoperative intraocular pressure of 2 cases (2 eyes) occurred a transient rise, then return to normal after given topical ocular hypotensive medication treatment. CONCLUSION: It is an effective and precise method of vitrectomy combined retinal photocoagulation for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage with retinal arterial aneurysm.