AIM:Toevaluate the efficacy of pneumatic trabeculoplasty (PNT) compared with latanoprost 0.05g/L in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension(OH).METHODS:In a randomized clinical study, a total of 30 patients(48 eyes) with POAG and OH were dividedinto two groups randomly. 12 patients (24 eyes) of group A and 18 patients (24 eyes) of group B underwent PNT and latanoprost 0.05g/L, respectively. And vision, intraocular pressure(IOP), vision field and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) were evaluated.RESULTS:One to three months after treatment, the average IOP in group A degraded significantly(P＜0.01) , and the average IOP in B group degraded significantly (P＜0.01). 1-6 months after treatment, the number of eyes with IOP reduction ≥20% in group A was 79%, 62%, 50%, 25%, 12%, 0 respectively, and that in group B was 92%, 83%, 83%, 79%, 71%, 62% respectively, there was statistically significant difference between two groups from the third month. There was no statistically significant difference in vision, IOP, vision field and RNFL during the entire follow-up duration. There were transient conjunctival congestion and subconjunctival hemorrhage in group A, but they were absorbed in a week; there were 8 eyes with significant and persistent conjunctival congestion in group B, and irritation of different degrees in 5 patients(8 eyes). CONCLUSION:PNT and latanoprost eye drops can reduce the IOP of patients with POAG and OH, but there were less side effects in group A, and there was a persistent reducing IOP effect in B group. 