AIM: To understand the prevalence of myopia and to analyze the influencing factors among primary school students in urban area of Lanzhou city, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of myopia.

METHODS: Using the cluster random sampling method, 823 students of two primary schools were selected in urban area of Lanzhou city, which were subsequently performed visual and optometry examination and were asked to fill in questionnaires.

RESULTS: The prevalence rate of myopia in urban area of Lanzhou city was 41.8%. Individual behavior, the time spent on near-work and outdoor activities were the main influencing factors.

CONCLUSION: Primary school should put emphasis on the education of eye caring, and parents should help children distribute the time to reading, entertainment and outdoor activities reasonably, to prevent and slow down the occurrence of myopia.