There is the strong epidemiologic evidence of gender-specific difference for the incidence of the same ophthalmic disorder recently. Physiologic, behavioral, environmental and hereditary factors may contribute to these differences, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. This paper gives a brief review of research progress on epidemiologic feature and mechanism of the common ophthalmic disorders, including cataract, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmologic disorders, and hereditary ocular disorders.