Toxic anterior segment syndrome(TASS)is a kind of acute and non-infective anterior segment inflammatory reaction. It's relatively rare for clinic, but recently, TASS is in increasing tendency with the development of anterior segment surgery. During surgery, various non-infective maters entering the anterior chamber all could result the appearance of TASS. After timely and effective treatment, most patients have favorable prognosis, however, a few patients may have remained permanent intraocular tissues damage to the extent of influencing eyesight. Now, this thesis summarizes the pathology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment, prognosis etc. of TASS.