Acute retinal necrosis syndrome(ARNS)is a group of eye syndrome. Acute uveitis, retinal artery occlusive vasculitis, fused necrotic retinitis and late stage of retinal detachment is the main clinical manifestation. A part of patients may be associated with increased intraocular pressure. The etiology and pathogenesis is still not clear completely and most people think that may be related to the virus infection, which mainly to reflected to be herpes simplex virus(HSV), varicella zoster virus(VZV), EB virus and giant cell virus(CMV)infection. Its diagnosis mainly depends on clinical manifestation, examination and etiological examination. Acute retinal necrosis syndrome is urgent and develops quickly, and it is lack of specific clinical symptoms in early times. By the way, it enjoys high misdiagnosis rate and poor prognosis. It is hard to cure, therefore, it is an important reason for the blindness. Once diagnosed, treatment should be adopted by carrying local and systemic antiviral, preventive laser photocoagulation in time. At the same time, it is essential that vitreous body resection combine with silicone oil tamponade treatment when necessary. The study shows that the effective measures of early treatment will be able to prevent disease progression and improve visual acuity. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome is very important. In this paper, combination of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome were reviewed.