Heat shock protein(HSP)is a family of high expressed proteins under the different stimulus. This family is highly conserved in structure and can protect cells in function. In recent years, there are some researches illustrate that HSP 27 and HSP 70 have protective effect on retinal cells and optical nerve cells, while the HSP-27 Ab and HSP-70 Ab can promote the apoptosis of these cells. In the cell culture and animal experiment, we have observed that it is beneficial to protect retinal cells and optical cells through blocking the express of HSP-27 Ab and HSP-70 Ab. This article reviews the relationship between HSP 27 and HSP 70 with retinal diseases and optical nerve diseases.