The common feature of retinal neovascularization is the formation of pathological neovascularization. The primary one of endogenous retinal neovascularization factor in current research is vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). SFlt-1, the soluble form of splicing in mRNA extracellular region of VEGFR-1, which is short of intracellular tyrosine kinase domain can only encode the extracellular domain. Therefore, it only can bind with ligands but can not transmit signals, thus preventing the formation of neovascularization. SFlt-1, as a hot research topic in recent years, may provide a new gene therapy method for this disease. This review focus on the mechanism and research progress of sFlt-1 in retinal neovascularization.