Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases in the world. MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small, non-protein-coded single-stranded RNAs with a length of about 20-25 nucleotides,which are widely involved in the process of post-transcriptional regulation of many physiological and pathological processes of organisms. It has attracted extensive attention for the regulation role of miRNAs in the process of induction and development of myopia in recent years. This article reviews the regulatory role and related signal pathways of miRNAs in the development of myopia. It will provide highlights for the understanding of molecular mechanism of myopia and benefit for potential molecular diagnosis of myopia in the future.