目的：利用OCT血管成像技术(OCTA)分析屈光不正学龄儿童的黄斑区血流灌注及视网膜厚度情况，以评估学龄儿童生长发育过程中屈光状态改变对黄斑区血流灌注情况及视网膜厚度的影响。

方法：选择2018-07/2019-03我院眼科门诊诊治的6～14岁学龄儿童中随机抽取93例174眼，其中正视组27例54眼为对照组。高度远视组9例15眼、中度远视组10例14眼、轻度远视组8例16眼、高度近视组9例15眼、中度近视组14例28眼、轻度近视组16例32眼。利用OCTA对其进行断层扫描，对所测量的4个指标即黄斑区浅层血管密度(SCPVD)、黄斑区深层血管密度(DCPVD)、中央视网膜厚度(CRT)和平均视网膜厚度(ART)进行了量化分析，并对黄斑区血管密度与视网膜厚度进行了相关性分析。

结果：经量化分析后，与正视组相比，高度近视组的SCPVD值减小(P<0.001)； 高度远视组DCPVD值增大(P=0.004)； 高度近视组ART值减小(P<0.001)； 屈光不正组的CRT值与正视组相比无差异(P>0.05)。SCPVD可作为独立的因素与ART呈正相关(r=0.274，P<0.01)。

结论：学龄儿童屈光发育过程中，高度近视患儿的SCPVD减小，ART变薄，且在整个屈光发育过程中SCPVD可作为独立的因素与ART呈正相关。提示高度近视学龄儿童的视网膜已经出现病理改变。

METHODS: In this study, 174 eyes were randomly selected from school-age children who were treated in the ophthalmic clinic from July 2018 to March 2019. The superficial retinal capillary of vessel density(SCPVD), deep retinal capillary of vessel density(DCPVD), central retinal thickness(CRT)and average retinal thickness(ART)were quantitatively analyzed using by OCT angiography technology. Additionally, the correlation between blood vessel density in macular area and retinal thickness was analyzed.

RESULTS: After quantitatively analysis, compared with emmetropia group, the SCPVD value of the high myopia group was decreased(P<0.001). The DCPVD value of the hyperopia group was increased(P=0.004). The ART value of high myopia group was decreased(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in CRT values between the ametropia group and the emmetropia group(P>0.05). SCPVD was positively correlated with ART as an independent factor(r=0.274, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:In the process of refractive development, SCPVD of children with high myopia decreases and ART becomes thinner. Moreover, SCPVD can be an independent factor positively correlated with ART during the whole refractive development. This suggests that the retina of school-age children with high myopia has presented pathological changes.