Various eye diseases, especially retinal disease, can change the retinal microvascular. In addition, the disease such as cardiovascular disease that involves systemic vascular change also exist the change of retinal microcirculation. Therefore, the change of retinal microvascular system is important diseases index which not only an auxiliary diagnostic index for ocular diseases, but also an important index for the evaluation of systemic diseases. This paper briefly reviews the detection methods of retinal microcirculation examination and the clinical application of these methods.