Myopic retinoschisis(MRS)is a major complication of pathological myopia. The pathogenesis of MRS is not yet fully understood and it can be the result of a number of different factors. The posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane(ILM)are thought to play a role in the formation of the retinal splitting. In addition, retinal arteriole traction has been associated with axial length extension and the pathogenesis of MRS. The diagnosis of MRS is done by using optical coherence tomography(OCT), B-mode ultrasound and ultra-wide field fundus autofluorescence(UWF-FAF). The main treatment methods of MRS are pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and the macular buckling technique(MB). This article reviews the pathogenesis, the course and the diagnostic methods of MRS, as well as, the treatment progress.