AIM: To explore the incidence and high risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).

METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 161 neonates in Gaozhou People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 who met the screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity in China(2014)were selected as subjects. Retcam Ⅲ was used for fundus screening. Clinical data of neonates and their mothers were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for ROP.

RESULTS: Among 161 neonates meeting the inclusion criteria, 26(16.1%)were in the ROP group and 135(83.9%)were in the non-ROP group. Gestational age, neonatal red blood cell count, birth weight, maternal age, gestational hypertension, method of conception showed statistical significance between the two groups(P<0.05)in Univariate analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age(OR=0.549, 95%CI: 0.391-0.770, P=0.001)is a protective factor of ROP, however, hypertension during pregnancy(OR=3.947, 95%CI: 1.049-14.852, P=0.042)and assisted reproductive(OR=4.632, 95%CI: 1.112-19.305, P=0.035)are risk factors of ROP.

CONCLUSION: Gestational age is a protective factor for ROP, and assisted reproduction is a risk factor for ROP. High attention should be paid to the neonates with low gestational age, assisted reproductive technology and whose mother has hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Early screening, early detection, and early treatment of neonatal fundus may reduce blindness caused by ROP.