AIM: To discuss the measurement of retinal thickness in each macular region, fixation property, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), eye axis and equivalent spherical power and treatment time for the children with hyperopia anisometropic amblyopia before and after treatment.

METHODS: This study was a prospective longitudinal controlled trial. The subjects were 40 hyperopia anisometropia children aged 4-8 years with monocular amblyopia who had not been treated with amblyopia before diagnosis in our hospital(20 cases of central fixation and 20 cases of paracentral fixation)from August 2018 to August 2019. Atropine mydriatic optometry, fundus macular fixation quality, ocular axis and optical coherence tomography(OCT)retinal thickness were used in the initial diagnosis and 6mo and 1a follow-up. Statistical analysis was used to analyze whether the macular retinal thickness of hyperopia amblyopia had changed in the treatment and the related factors, and whether had differences between different fixation properties.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in foveal retinal thickness and nasal retinal thickness of inner ring between central fixation group and paracentral fixation group at different measurement times(before treatment, 6 and 12mo after treatment)(P<0.01). There were no significant changes in the other retinas in macular area(P >0.05). With the extension of treatment time, the foveal retinal thickness and the nasal retinal thickness of the inner ring in the central fixation group and the paracentral fixation group became thinner(all P<0.05). At the same measurement time, the thickness of fovea and inner ring nasal retina in the central fixation group was thinner than that in the paracentral fixation group(all P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the thickness of other retinas in the macular region(all P>0.05). There were significant differences in ocular axis, BCVA and equivalent spherical power of amblyopia before and after treatment(all P<0.05); With the extension of treatment time, the length of ocular axis and BCVA had increased and the degree of equivalent spherical mirror had decreased. The macular retinal thickness of hyperopia amblyopia was thicker than that of contralateral normal eyes, and the length of ocular axis was shorter than that of contralateral normal eyes(all P<0.01). The axial length of amblyopia and normal eyes had changed significantly before and after treatment(all P<0.01). The axial length of amblyopia was shorter than that of normal eyes. With the extension of treatment time, the axial length of amblyopia and normal eyes had become longer.

CONCLUSION:The thickness of macular retina in moderate and high amblyopic eyes was greater than that in contralateral normal eyes, and the ocular axis was shorter than that in contralateral normal eyes. After treatment, with the improvement of best corrected visual acuity, the retinal thickness of fovea and nasal side of inner ring in central fixation group and paracentral fixation group had decreased.