AIM:To compare the effect of comprehensive treatment in children with anisometropia and strabismus amblyopia.

METHODS: Prospective study. Forty-six individuals(mean age 9±3 years old, 26 males, 20 females)with previously untreated monocular amblyopia were recruited in our hospital from July 2018 to January 2020. There were 23 patients with strabismus monocular amblyopia(mean age 9±3 years old, 12 males, 11 females)and 23 patients with anisometropia monocular amblyopia(mean age 9±3 years old, 14 males, 9 females). The best corrected visual acuity(Tumbling E Chart)and stereopsis(Titmus)were measured before and after a 6mo period of comprehensive treatment(refractive correction, patching and precision eyesight training). The differences of monocular visual benefits(visual acuity)and binocular visual benefits(stereopsis)between two groups before and after treatment were compared.

RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference of best corrected visual acuity between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(t= -0.475, P>0.05), but the stereopsis of strabismus amblyopia was significantly lower than that of anisometropia amblyopia(t= -3.919, P<0.001). After 2mo treatment, there was a significant difference in best corrected visual acuity benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(t= -2.946, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in stereopsis benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(t=1.305, P>0.05). After 6mo treatment, there was a significant difference in visual acuity benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(t= -2.353, P<0.05), and there was also a significant difference in stereopsis benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(t=2.218, P<0.05). However, the stereopsis of strabismus amblyopia was still lower than that of anisometropia amblyopia at 6mo(t=-2.760, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: We conclude that the stereopsis of patients with strabismus amblyopia is more severe than those with anisometropic amblyopia before treatment under the same visual acuity. The visual acuity of patients with anisometropic amblyopia recovers faster than patients with strabismus amblyopia through treatment. While the stereopsis of patients with strabismus amblyopia recovers faster than patients with anisometropic amblyopia, but the level of stereopsis with strabismus amblyopia is still lower than that of patients with anisometropic amblyopia.