Accurate target diopter is necessary for refractive cataract surgery to achieve satisfactory postoperative results. Although the measurement accuracy of ocular biological parameters, the prediction accuracy of the intraocular lens calculation formula, and the advancement of surgical technology and equipment are constantly improving, it still can be affected by pre-, intra-, and post-operative factors. Some patients still need optical products or even surgical correction for the occurrence of posterior refractive errors. This article briefly reviews the possible reasons and correction methods of refractive errors after cataract surgery.