Sox2 gene is a member of sex determination region of Y chromosome(SRY)related gene family, and it is one of the key transcription factors to maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal characteristics of embryonic stem cells. Sox2 participates in a variety of biological processes, such as regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and participating in the formation and development of tumors. However, the review literature on the role of Sox2 gene in eye diseases has not been reported. This article reviews the expression level of Sox2 gene, related signal pathways and clinical application potential, so that readers can understand more comprehensive the role of Sox2 gene in eye diseases, and to carry out more in-depth research.