Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is the most common eye disease that can cause irreversible loss of central vision in the elderly population. Since the complexity of the pathogenesis in ARMD, the underlying mechanism remains uncovered,and treatment limited. Conventional bulk transcriptome sequencing strategies can only provide the average gene profile in the dominant cells, while single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)is able to reveal the mRNA transcriptome at a single-cell level. The ScRNA-seq has been applied to discover novel cell subtypes, reveal intercellular heterogeneity, and unveil the process of cell differentiation.In this paper, we reviewed the technical principle of scRNA-seq and its application in retinal,choroid development and ARMD research, raised the defection of scRNA-seq and trended in emerging technologies,provided the new insights and perspectives for the in-depth study of retinal and choroid physiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of ARMD diseases. It is hoped to provide theoretical foundation for the targeted therapy of ARMD.