According to epidemiological surveys, the incidence of myopia among Chinese children and adolescents has risen by over 53.6%. Myopia has emerged as the leading cause of vision loss among adolescents. The mental health of students suffers from vision impairment, which has an adverse ripple effect on their ability to learn and grow, and even their physical development. Based on the observation of significant differences in mental health between myopic people and normal people, scholars at home and abroad have used various psychological scales to evaluate the association between myopia and mental health issues, including anxiety and depression, as well as personality traits such as emotionalization and introversion. This article reviews the effect of myopia on adolescent mental health and the research progress on its research methods and prevention strategies.