The fundus changes in high myopia are highly associated with retinal and choroidal microvasculature alterations. As an emerging non-invasive screening technology,optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can measure the retinal tissue morphology as well as vessel network in vivo.The retinal and choroidal blood flow are quantified by automatic stratification and quantification technology of OCTA, which have provided great benefits for early detection of the lesions in fundus structures of a myopic eye and monitoring the occurrence and progression of myopic fundus diseases. In this review, the OCTA changes in retinal structure and blood flow are outlined, and the influences on the macular microstructure and blood flow after cataract surgery in patients with myopia are summarized. Comprehensive and in-depth understanding of macular microvasculature in myopic eyes can assist ophthalmologists to predict and monitor the underlying microvascular changes of myopia after cataract surgery.