Since small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)was universally performed, intraoperative corneal stromal lenticules as a by-product of SMILE has been widely studied and applied. As a good biomaterial, it can make up for the lack of corneal material to some extent. In this review, we describe the structural features of the corneal stromal lenticules derived from SMILE, summarize the impact of various preservation methods such as freezing preservation, anhydrous calcium chloride preservation and glycerin preservation upon its thickness, transparency and mechanical properties, and discuss its related applications in treating hyperopia and astigmatism, keratoconus, corneal perforation, Mooren's ulcer coexisting with a pterygium, corneal dermoid, corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis, glaucoma and other ophthalmic diseases, so that we can provide references for in-depth study and clinical application.