AIM: To compare the effects of night-wearing orthokeratology lenses and frame glasses on the treatment of juvenile myopia, and provide reference for the selection of myopia treatment methods in adolescents.

METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 106 adolescent myopia patients who received treatment in our hospital from June to November 2020. According to the wishes of patients, they were divided into two groups with 53 cases in each group. The control group was given regular frame glasses after optometry, while the observation group was given night-wearing orthokeratology lenses. The uncorrected visual acuity(LogMAR), refractive index(spherical equivalent and cylindrical lens power), and ocular biological parameters(axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness)were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity(LogMAR)of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at 1a after treatment(0.51±0.12 vs. 0.73±0.15), and the spherical equivalent(-0.23±0.05 vs. -5.32±1.35D)and cylindrical lens power(-1.53±0.22 vs. -1.97±0.35DC)were smaller than those of the control group(P<0.001). The axial length of the eyes in the two groups increased at 1a after treatment and the axial length in the control group was longer(25.53±0.84 vs. 25.95±0.83 mm); the lens thickness of the observation group was increased compared with that before treatment(3.39±0.19 vs. 3.31±0.15 mm; P<0.05). After 1a treatment, the accommodative amplitude(14.29±1.37 vs. 12.90±1.07D), accommodative facility(11.05±2.09 vs. 7.59±1.82cpm), and total staining rate of corneal epithelium in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(15.1% vs. 1.9%), and the accommodative lag was lower than that in the control group(0.55±0.11 vs. 0.97±0.30D; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in corneal cell density(3197.23±249.66 vs. 3207.41±258.14 cells/mm²), corneal endothelial cell area(309.27±28.04 vs. 312.62±24.95mm²)and the incidence of complications between the two groups before and after treatment(5.7% vs. 9.4%; P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Night-wearing orthokeratology lenses can improve uncorrected visual acuity in adolescent patients with myopia, reduce the spherical equivalent and cylindrical lens power, and improve the accommodation-related parameters, but has no significant effect on the corneal function.